examples:
Roger Bacon
English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)
Benjamin Franklin
printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)
Sir Francis Galton
English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields including heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, and anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)
William Harvey
English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)
Robert Hooke
English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703)
types:
chemist
a scientist who specializes in chemistry
computer scientist
a scientist who specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computers
microscopist
a scientist who specializes in research with the use of microscopes
oceanographer
a scientist who studies physical and biological aspects of the seas
social scientist
someone expert in the study of human society and its personal relationships
algebraist
a mathematician whose specialty is algebra
biochemist
someone with special training in biochemistry
biophysicist
a physicist who applies the methods of physics to biology
boffin
(British slang) a scientist or technician engaged in military research
computational linguist
someone trained in computer science and linguistics who uses computers for natural language processing
cytologist
a biologist who studies the structure and function of cells
ecologist
a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment
epidemiologist
a medical scientist who studies the transmission and control of epidemic diseases
geneticist
a biologist who specializes in genetics
geophysicist
a geologist who uses physical principles to study the properties of the earth
Hebraist
linguist specializing in the Hebrew language
immunologist
a medical scientist who specializes in immunology
molecular biologist
a biologist who studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life
neurolinguist
someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception
parapsychologist
someone who studies the evidence for such psychological phenomena as psychokinesis and telepathy and clairvoyance
penologist
a person who studies the theory and practice of prison management
physiologist
a scientist who studies how living organisms function
phytochemist
a chemist who specializes in the chemistry of plants
post doc,
postdoc
a scholar or researcher who is involved in academic study beyond the level of a doctoral degree
psycholinguist
a person (usually a psychologist but sometimes a linguist) who studies the psychological basis of human language
radiobiologist
a biologist who studies the effects of radiation on living organisms
serologist
a medical scientist who specializes in serology
sociobiologist
a biologist who studies the biological determinants of social behavior
sociolinguist
a linguist who studies the social and cultural factors that influence linguistic communication
sociologist
a social scientist who studies the institutions and development of human society
systematist,
taxonomer,
taxonomist
a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior
toxicologist
one who studies the nature and effects of poisons and their treatment