types:
drug
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
vermicide
an agent that kills worms (especially those in the intestines)
bacteriostat
a chemical or biological material that inhibits bacterial growth
coolant
a fluid agent (gas or liquid) that produces cooling; especially one used to cool a system by transferring heat away from one part to another
emmenagogue
any agent that promotes menstrual discharge
hypnagogue
an agent that induces drowsiness or sleep
inducer
an agent capable of activating specific genes
lactifuge
any agent that reduces milk secretion (as given to a woman who is not breast feeding)
lactogen
any agent that enhances milk production
mitogen
an agent that triggers mitosis
nerve agent,
nerve gas
a toxic gas that is inhaled or absorbed through the skin and has harmful effects on the nervous and respiratory system
viricide,
virucide
an agent (physical or chemical) that inactivates or destroys viruses
agonist
(biochemistry) a drug that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction
antagonist
a drug that neutralizes or counteracts the effects of another drug
antisyphilitic
a drug (or other chemical agent) that is effective against syphilis
anti-TNF compound
a class of drugs that block the action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF); used in cases of rheumatoid arthritis because TNF instigates inflammation of the joints
Bordeaux mixture
antifungal agent consisting of a solution of copper sulphate and quicklime
botanical
a drug made from part of a plant (as the bark or root or leaves)
brand-name drug,
proprietary drug
a drug that has a trade name and is protected by a patent (can be produced and sold only by the company holding the patent)
Tagamet,
cimetidine
a drug (trade name Tagamet) used to treat peptic ulcers by decreasing the secretion of stomach acid
dilator
a drug that causes dilation
drug of abuse,
street drug
a drug that is taken for nonmedicinal reasons (usually for mind-altering effects); drug abuse can lead to physical and mental damage and (with some substances) dependence and addiction
Feosol
trade name of a drug rich in iron; used to treat some kinds of anemia
Fergon
trade name of a drug rich in iron; used to treat some types of anemia
generic drug
when the patent protection for a brand-name drug expires generic versions of the drug can be offered for sale if the FDA agrees
Fulvicin,
griseofulvin
a kind of penicillin (a fungicidal antibiotic with the trade name Fulvicin) produced by molds of the genus Penicillium
intoxicant
a drug that can produce a state of intoxication
Sporanox,
itraconazole
an oral antifungal drug (trade name Sporanox) taken for cases of fungal nail disease
Lorfan,
levallorphan
drug (trade name Lorfan) that is related to morphine but that counteracts the respiratory depression produced by morphine poisoning but without affecting its analgesic effects
Monistat,
miconazole
an antifungal agent usually administered in the form of a nitrate (trade name Monistat)
narcotic
a drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction
Mycostatin,
Nystan,
nystatin
an antifungal and antibiotic (trade names Mycostatin and Nystan) discovered in New York State; derived from soil fungi actinomycetes
Trental,
pentoxifylline
a drug (trade name Trental) used to treat claudication; believed to increase the flexibility of red blood cells so they can flow through the blood vessels to the legs and feet
Zantac,
ranitidine
a histamine blocker and antacid (trade name Zantac) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux
relaxant
a drug that relaxes and relieves tension
synergist
a drug that augments the activity of another drug
Lamisil,
terbinafine
an oral antifungal drug (trade name Lamisil) used to treat cases of fungal nail disease
Orinase,
tolbutamide
sulfonylurea; an oral antidiabetic drug (trade name Orinase) used in the treatment of adult-onset diabetes mellitus
insulin
hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells
arsenical
a pesticide or drug containing arsenic
crystal violet,
gentian violet
a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment
benzoyl peroxide
a white crystalline peroxide used in bleaching (flour or oils or fats) and as a catalyst for free radical reactions
Alka-seltzer
a commercial antacid that contains aspirin; tablets dissolve in water to give an effervescent solution
Prilosec,
omeprazole
antacid (trade name Prilosec) that suppresses acid secretion in the stomach
reagent
a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions
reducer,
reducing agent,
reductant
a substance capable of bringing about the reduction of another substance as it itself is oxidized; used in photography to lessen the density of a negative or print by oxidizing some of the loose silver
cetrimide
a cationic detergent that is a powerful disinfectant
chlorine dioxide
an explosive gas (ClO2) used chiefly in bleaching paper or starch or soap or flour and in water purification
chlorine water
an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent
Clorox
a commercial bleaching agent
dimethylglyoxime
a compound used in analysis as a precipitant for palladium or nickel
VX gas
a highly lethal nerve agent used in chemical warfare; a toxic liquid that penetrates the skin or lungs to disrupt the nervous system and stop respiration; in combat VX gas is deployed by detonating a container over the target area and can persist in the environment up to several weeks after release
organophosphate nerve agent
any of a series of nerve agents containing organophosphate compounds first synthesized by German chemists in 1936; in World War II the Germans tested them in concentration camps but not on the battlefield; Iraq is alleged to have used them against Iran and against the Kurds
scavenger
a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities