types:
Zovirax,
acyclovir
an oral antiviral drug (trade name Zovirax) used to treat genital herpes; does not cure the disease but relieves the symptoms
Fosamax,
alendronate
a tablet (trade name Fosamax) prescribed to prevent or treat osteoporosis in women after menopause
Zyloprim,
allopurinol
a drug (trade name Zyloprim) used to treat gout and other conditions in which there is an excessive buildup of uric acid
Inocor,
amrinone
a drug (trade name Inocor) used intravenously in heart failure; increases strength of contraction of myocardium
anticholinesterase
a medicine that inhibits cholinesterase by combining with it and so has a cholinergic effect
antihistamine
a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site
antiseptic
a substance that destroys microorganisms that carry disease without harming body tissues
antitussive
any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing
APC
a drug combination found in some over-the-counter headache remedies (aspirin and phenacetin and caffeine)
atomic cocktail
an oral dose of radioactive substance used in treatment and diagnosis of cancer
Imuran,
azathioprine
an immunosuppressive drug (trade name Imuran) used to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ
bronchodilator
a drug that relaxes and dilates the bronchial passageways and improves the passages of air into the lungs
calcium blocker,
calcium-channel blocker
any of a class of drugs that block the flow of the electrolyte calcium (either in nerve cell conduction or smooth muscle contraction of the heart); has been used in the treatment of angina or arrhythmia or hypertension or migraine
carminative
medication that prevents the formation of gas in the alimentary tract or eases its passing
Atromid-S,
clofibrate
a drug (trade name Atromid-S) that reduces lipids in the blood serum; used to treat some cardiovascular diseases
Plavix,
clopidogrel bisulfate
a blood thinner (trade name Plavix) approved for the treatment of mild heart attacks; works by preventing blood platelets from sticking together to form clots that would restrict blood flow
cold medicine
medicine intended to relieve the symptoms of the common cold
counterirritant
a medicine applied locally to produce superficial inflammation in order to reduce deeper inflammation
cytotoxic drug
any drug that has a toxic effect on cells; commonly used in chemotherapy to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells
demulcent
a medication (in the form of an oil or salve etc.) that soothes inflamed or injured skin
Antabuse,
disulfiram
a drug (trade name Antabuse) used in the treatment of alcoholism; causes nausea and vomiting if alcohol is ingested
dosage,
dose
a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time
Drixoral
the trade name for a drug used to treat upper respiratory congestion; it contains an antihistamine and a bronchodilator and a vasoconstrictor
Lopid,
gemfibrozil
medication (trade name Lopid) used to lower the levels of triglyceride in the blood
haematinic,
hematinic
a medicine that increases the hemoglobin content of the blood; used to treat iron-deficiency anemia
herbal medicine
a medicine made from plants and used to prevent or treat disease or promote health
histamine blocker
a medicine used to treat the gastric effects of histamine in cases of peptic ulcers and gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux; works by blocking the effects of histamine on the receptor site known as H2
Isuprel,
isoproterenol
drug (trade name Isuprel) used to treat bronchial asthma and to stimulate the heart
Isordil,
isosorbide
drug (trade name Isordil) used to treat angina pectoris and congestive heart failure
Mecholyl,
methacholine
parasympathomimetic drug (trademark Mecholyl) that stimulates secretions and smooth muscle activity
nux vomica
a medicine made from the seeds of an Asiatic tree; contains strychnine and brucine; formerly used as a stimulant
oxytocic,
oxytocic drug
a drug that induces labor by stimulating contractions of the muscles of the uterus
patent medicine
medicine that is protected by a patent and available without a doctor's prescription
Cuprimine,
penicillamine
a drug (trade name Cuprimine) used to treat heavy metal poisoning and Wilson's disease and severe arthritis
placebo
an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
powder
any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder
probenecid
a uricosuric drug that reduces the level of uric acid in the blood; used to treat gout
rubefacient
a medicine for external application that produces redness of the skin
soothing syrup
medicine in the form of a syrup that has a calming effect
specific
a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease
Carafate,
sucralfate
medicine consisting of a tablet (trade name Carafate) used to treat peptic ulcers; said to bind to the ulcer site and coat it
suppository
a small plug of medication designed for insertion into the rectum or vagina where it melts
tincture
(pharmacology) a medicine consisting of an extract in an alcohol solution
vermicide
an agent that kills worms (especially those in the intestines)
ACE inhibitor,
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
an antihypertensive drug that blocks the formation of angiotensin II in the kidney, leading to relaxation of the arteries; promotes the excretion of salt and water by inhibiting the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme; also used to treat congestive heart failure
Anacin III,
Datril,
Panadol,
Phenaphen,
Tempra,
Tylenol,
acetaminophen
an analgesic for mild pain but not for inflammation; also used as an antipyretic; (Datril, Tylenol, Panadol, Phenaphen, Tempra, and Anacin III are trademarks of brands of acetaminophen tablets)
acoustic
a remedy for hearing loss or deafness
Actifed
trade name for a drug containing an antihistamine and a decongestant; used to treat upper respiratory conditions and minor allergies
active placebo
a placebo used in experimental tests of a drug that has noticeable side effects
Proventil,
Ventolin,
albuterol
a bronchodilator (trade names Ventolin or Proventil) used for asthma and emphysema and other lung conditions; available in oral or inhalant forms; side effects are tachycardia and shakiness
alum
a double sulphate of aluminum and potassium that is used as an astringent (among other things)
aminophylline
a theophylline derivative that is used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of bronchial asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis
Cordarone,
amiodarone
an antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Cordarone) that has potentially fatal side effects and is used to control serious heart rhythm problems only when safer agents have been ineffective
antibiotic,
antibiotic drug
a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections
antineoplastic,
antineoplastic drug,
cancer drug
any of several drugs that control or kill neoplastic cells; used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells; all have unpleasant side effects that may include nausea and vomiting and hair loss and suppression of bone marrow function
Bayer,
Empirin,
St. Joseph,
acetylsalicylic acid,
aspirin
the acetylated derivative of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic anti-inflammatory drug (trade names Bayer, Empirin, and St. Joseph) usually taken in tablet form; used as an antipyretic; slows clotting of the blood by poisoning platelets
Lipitor,
atorvastatin
an oral drug (trade name Lipitor) that is effective in lowering triglycerides; potent in reducing LDL cholesterol because higher doses can be given
atropine
a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides
Zithromax,
azithromycin
a systemic antibacterial medicine (trade name Zithromax) that is prescribed to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body
baby powder
powder used to prevent a baby's diaper from chafing
castor oil
a purgative extracted from the seed of the castor-oil plant; used in paint and varnish as well as medically
chloral hydrate
a colorless crystalline drug used as a sedative; irritates the stomach and can be addictive
chloramine,
chloramine-T
any of several compounds containing chlorine and nitrogen; used as an antiseptic in wounds
chlorhexidine
a long-lasting liquid antiseptic; used by surgeons to wash their hands before performing surgery
Diuril,
chlorothiazide
a diuretic drug (trade name Diuril) used in the treatment of edema and hypertension
Tagamet,
cimetidine
a drug (trade name Tagamet) used to treat peptic ulcers by decreasing the secretion of stomach acid
Catapres,
clonidine
an antihypertensive (trade name Catapres) that can be administered orally or via transdermal patches
codeine
derivative of opium; used as an antitussive (to relieve coughing) and an analgesic (to relieve pain)
colchicine
an analgesic drug derived from the saffron plant and used to treat gout
Cox-2 inhibitor
an anti-inflammatory drug that fights pain and blocks Cox-2 activity without impeding the activity of Cox-1; increases the risk of heart attacks
dapsone
antibacterial drug used to treat leprosy and some kinds of skin diseases
Dynapen,
dicloxacillin
antibacterial (trade name Dynapen) used to treat staphylococcal infections that are resistant to penicillin
Cardizem,
diltiazem
a calcium blocker (trade name Cardizem) used in treating hypertension or angina or heart failure
Dimetapp
trade name for a drug containing an antihistamine and a decongestant; used to relieve nasal congestion and to treat rhinitis
Benadryl,
diphenhydramine
antihistamine (trade name Benadryl) used to treat allergic reactions involving the nasal passages (hay fever) and also to treat motion sickness
Dover's powder
a medicinal powder made essentially of ipecac and opium; formerly used to relieve pain and induce perspiration
Cardura,
doxazosin
an antihypertensive drug (trade name Cardura) that works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood passes through them more easily; it is also used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
Emetrol
trade name for an antiemetic drug that has a mint flavor
Enkaid,
encainide
antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Enkaid) used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias but increases the risk of sudden death in heart attack patients
Epsom salts
(used with a singular noun) hydrated magnesium sulfate used as a laxative
Pepcid,
famotidine
a histamine blocker (trade name Pepcid) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux
Fentanyl,
Sublimaze
trade names of a narcotic analgesic that can be inhaled and that acts on the central nervous system and may become addictive; used as a veterinary anesthetic and with other drugs before, during, and after surgery; also used as a nonlethal gas to incapacitate people in hostage situations; also abused as a recreational drug
Tambocor,
flecainide
oral antiarrhythmic medication (trade name Tambocor) used as a last resort in treating arrhythmias; increases the risk of sudden death in heart attack patients
Lescol,
fluvastatin
least expensive statin drug (trade name Lescol); usually taken orally at bedtime
Neurontin,
gabapentin
an anticonvulsant (trade name Neurontin) used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy; also used to manage neuralgia caused by shingles
Glucotrol,
glipizide
an oral antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucotrol) that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
DiaBeta,
Micronase,
glyburide
an oral antidiabetic drug (trade names DiaBeta and Micronase) that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
gramicidin
an antibiotic produced by a soil bacterium; used chiefly as an antiseptic in treating local infections produced by Gram-positive bacteria
Wytensin,
guanabenz
antihypertensive drug (trade name Wytensin) that reduces blood pressure by its effect on the central nervous system
Lipo-Hepin,
Liquaemin,
heparin
a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibits the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; it (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis and in heart surgery
hexachlorophene
antibacterial substance that is a water-soluble powder used in antiseptic soaps and toothpaste
hit
a dose of a narcotic drug
hydantoin
any of a group of anticonvulsant drugs used in treating epilepsy
Apresoline,
hydralazine
an antihypertensive drug (trade name Apresoline) that dilates blood vessels; used (often with a diuretic) to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure
Plaquenil,
hydroxychloroquine
anti-inflammatory drug (trade name Plaquenil) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and malaria and lupus erythematosus
interferon
an antiviral protein produced by cells that have been invaded by a virus; inhibits replication of the virus
iodoform,
triiodomethane
a yellowish crystalline solid with a penetrating odor; sometimes used as an antiseptic dressing
Kaopectate
trade name for a fixed-combination antidiarrheal drug that use kaolin as the adsorbent and pectin as the emollient
lenitive
remedy that eases pain and discomfort
Lomotil
trade name of an antidiarrheal
application,
lotion
liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to the skin
Mevacor,
lovastatin
an oral drug (trade name Mevacor) to reduce blood cholesterol levels; used when dietary changes have proved inadequate
lypressin
an antidiuretic and vasoconstrictor used to treat diabetes insipidus
magic bullet
a remedy (drug or therapy or preventive) that cures or prevents a disease
Maxzide
trade name for an antihypertensive drug containing hydrochlorothiazide and another diuretic
mebendazole
an anthelmintic used to treat hookworm and pinworm and roundworm infestations
Mesantoin,
mephenytoin
a toxic anticonvulsant drug (trade name Mesantoin) used in the treatment of epilepsy when less toxic anticonvulsants have been ineffective
Mebaral,
mephobarbital
a long-acting crystalline barbiturate (trade name Mebaral) used as a sedative and as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy
Purinethol,
mercaptopurine
a drug (trade name Purinethol) that interferes with the metabolism of purine and is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia
Alupent,
metaproterenol
a bronchodilator (trade name Alupent) used to treat asthma and emphysema and other lung conditions; available in oral or inhalant forms; side effects include tachycardia and shakiness
Glucophage,
metformin
an antidiabetic drug (trade name Glucophage) prescribed to treat type II diabetes
methapyrilene
antihistamine used to treat allergic responses (as rhinitis or dermatitis or pruritus)
Gemonil,
metharbital
anticonvulsant drug (trade name Gemonil) used in the treatment of epilepsy
Mandelamine,
Urex,
methenamine
antibacterial agent (trade names Mandelamine and Urex) that is contained in many products that are used to treat urinary infections
Flagyl,
metronidazole
antiprotozoal medication (trade name Flagyl) used to treat trichomoniasis and giardiasis
Mexitil,
mexiletine
antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Mexitil) used to treat ventricular arrhythmias
milk of magnesia
purgative consisting of a milky white liquid suspension of magnesium hydroxide; used as a laxative and (in smaller doses) as an antacid
MAOI,
monoamine oxidase inhibitor
any of a group of antidepressant drugs that inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase in the brain and so allow monoamines to accumulate
morphia,
morphine
an alkaloid narcotic drug extracted from opium; a powerful, habit-forming narcotic used to relieve pain
nasal decongestant
a decongestant that provides temporary relief of nasal symptoms of the common cold and rhinitis and upper respiratory infections
Neobiotic,
fradicin,
neomycin
an antibiotic obtained from an actinomycete and used (as a sulphate under the trade name Neobiotic) as an intestinal antiseptic in surgery
Neosporin
trade name for a topical drug containing several antibacterials; used as an ointment for skin irritations and in the form of eyedrops for minor eye infections
Prostigmin,
neostigmine
a cholinergic drug (trade name Prostigmin) used to treat some ophthalmic conditions and to treat myasthenia gravis
Procardia,
nifedipine
calcium blocker (trade name Procardia); appears to increase the risk of recurrent heart attacks
Macrodantin,
nitrofurantoin
derivative of nitrofuran used as an antibacterial medicine (trade name Macrodantin) effective against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; used to treat infections of the urinary tract
nostrum
patent medicine whose efficacy is questionable
Talwin,
pentazocine
analgesic drug (trade name Talwin) that is less addictive than morphine
pheniramine
an antihistamine used in preparations to treat allergies and respiratory infections; used to treat rhinitis and skin rashes and pruritus
phenyltoloxamine
antihistamine included in some preparations used to treat coughing and nasal congestion
piperazine
vermifuge used to treat infestations by roundworms or pinworms
Pravachol,
pravastatin
an oral drug (trade name Pravachol) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after nonfatal heart attacks
Mysoline,
primidone
an anticonvulsant (trade name Mysoline) used to treat grand mal seizures and essential tremor
prochlorperazine
antipsychotic and antiemetic drug used to treat schizophrenia and to combat nausea and vomiting
Phenergan,
promethazine
antihistamine (trade name Phenergan) used to treat allergies; also an antiemetic used to treat motion sickness
PI,
protease inhibitor
an antiviral drug used against HIV; interrupts HIV replication by binding and blocking HIV protease; often used in combination with other drugs
pyrilamine
antihistamine used to treat rhinitis and pruritus
radiopharmaceutical
pharmaceutical consisting of a radioactive compound used in radiation therapy
Zantac,
ranitidine
a histamine blocker and antacid (trade name Zantac) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux
Edronax,
reboxetine
an antidepressant drug that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine
refill
a prescription drug that is provided again
Virazole,
ribavirin
an inhaled antiviral agent (trade name Virazole) that may be used to treat serious virus infections
Robitussin
trade name of an expectorant that loosens phlegm and makes it easier to cough up
Zocor,
simvastatin
an oral lipid-lowering medicine (trade name Zocor) administered to reduce blood cholesterol levels; recommended after heart attacks
sulfa,
sulfa drug,
sulfonamide,
sulpha
antibacterial consisting of any of several synthetic organic compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria that require PABA
sulfonylurea
antidiabetic consisting of any of several drugs that reduce the level of glucose in the blood; used to treat diabetes mellitus
Tenoretic
trade name for an antihypertensive drug consisting of a fixed combination of atenolol and a diuretic
Hytrin,
terazosin
antihypertensive drug (trade name Hytrin) used to treat high blood pressure
Achromycin,
tetracycline
an antibiotic (trade name Achromycin) derived from microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces and used broadly to treat infections
iodine,
tincture of iodine
a tincture consisting of a solution of iodine in ethyl alcohol; applied topically to wounds as an antiseptic
Tonocard,
tocainide
antiarrhythmic drug (trade name Tonocard) used to treat ventricular arrhythmias when less dangerous drugs have failed
Calan,
Isoptin,
verapamil
a drug (trade names Calan and Isoptin) used as an oral or parenteral calcium blocker in cases of hypertension or congestive heart failure or angina or migraine
Coumadin,
warfarin
an anticoagulant (trade name Coumadin) use to prevent and treat a thrombus or embolus
arnica
used especially in treating bruises
ephedrine
white odorless powdered or crystalline alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra (especially Ephedra sinica) or made synthetically; used as a bronchodilator to treat bronchitis and asthma
Deltasone,
Liquid Pred,
Meticorten,
Orasone,
prednisone
a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant
crystal violet,
gentian violet
a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment
maleate
a salt or ester of maleic acid; used as a nontricyclic antidepressant drug for psychomotor activation