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Society and Solitude: List 3

In this collection of twelve essays, the leader of New England's transcendentalist movement shares his philosophical ideas on different aspects of mid-nineteenth-century life. Read the full text here.

This list covers "Domestic Life" and "Farming."

Here are links to our lists for the book: List 1, List 2, List 3, List 4, List 5, List 6
40 words 446 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. beseech
    ask for or request earnestly
    The size of the nestler is comic, and its tiny beseeching weakness is compensated perfectly by the happy patronizing look of the mother, who is a sort of high reposing Providence toward it.
  2. mirth
    great merriment
    His unaffected lamentations when he lifts up his voice on high, or, more beautiful, the sobbing child,—the face all liquid grief, as he tries to swallow his vexation,—soften all hearts to pity, and to mirthful and clamorous compassion.
  3. caper
    jump about playfully
    The small enchanter nothing can withstand,—no seniority of age, no gravity of character; uncles, aunts, grandsires, grandams, fall an easy prey: he conforms to nobody, all conform to him; all caper and make mouths, and babble, and chirrup to him.
  4. wistful
    showing pensive sadness
    Fast—almost too fast for the wistful curiosity of the parents, studious of the witchcraft of curls and dimples and broken words—the little talker grows to a boy.
  5. bauble
    cheap showy jewelry or ornament
    What art can paint or gild any object in after-life with the glow which Nature gives to the first baubles of childhood!
  6. cleave
    stick or hold together and resist separation
    St. Peter’s cannot have the magical power over us that the red and gold covers of our first picture-book possessed. How the imagination cleaves to the warm glories of that tinsel even now!
  7. polity
    the form of government of a social organization
    It is easier to count the census, or compute the square extent of a territory, to criticise its polity, books, art, than to come to the persons and dwellings of men, and read their character and hope in their way of life.
  8. phrenology
    study of the shape of the skull to determine character
    The physiognomy and phrenology of to-day are rash and mechanical systems enough, but they rest on everlasting foundations.
  9. precarious
    not secure; beset with difficulties
    We are sure that the sacred form of man is not seen in these whimsical, pitiful, and sinister masks (masks which we wear and which we meet), these bloated and shrivelled bodies, bald heads, bead eyes, short winds, puny and precarious healths, and early deaths.
  10. appropriation
    a deliberate act of acquisition, often without permission
    How could such a book as Plato’s Dialogues have come down, but for the sacred savings of scholars and their fantastic appropriation of them?
  11. homogeneous
    all of the same or similar kind or nature
    I am afraid that, so considered, our houses will not be found to have unity, and to express the best thought. The household, the calling, the friendships, of the citizen are not homogeneous.
  12. affectation
    a deliberate pretense or exaggerated display
    His house ought to show us his honest opinion of what makes his well-being when he rests among his kindred, and forgets all affectation, compliance, and even exertion of will.
  13. decorum
    propriety in manners and conduct
    The progress of domestic living has been in cleanliness, in ventilation, in health, in decorum, in countless means and arts of comfort, in the concentration of all the utilities of every clime in each house.
  14. slovenly
    negligent of neatness especially in dress and person
    If the hours of meals are punctual, the apartments are slovenly. If the linens and hangings are clean and fine, and the furniture good, the yard, the garden, the fences are neglected.
  15. repose
    the absence of mental stress or anxiety
    And is there any calamity more grave, or that more invokes the best good-will to remove it, than this?—to go from chamber to chamber, and see no beauty...to be compelled to criticise; to hear only to dissent and to be disgusted; to find no invitation to what is good in us, and no receptacle for what is wise;—this is a great price to pay for sweet bread and warm lodging,—being defrauded of affinity, of repose, of genial culture, and the inmost presence of beauty.
  16. munificence
    liberality in bestowing gifts
    We scorn shifts; we desire the elegance of munificence; we desire at least to put no stint or limit on our parents, relatives, guests, or dependents; we desire to play the benefactor and the prince with our townsmen, with the stranger at the gate, with the bard, or the beauty, with the man or woman of worth, who alights at our door.
  17. succor
    assistance in time of difficulty
    We owe to man higher succors than food and fire.
  18. demeanor
    the way a person behaves toward other people
    It is not for festivity, it is not for sleep: but the pine and the oak shall gladly descend from the mountains to uphold the roof of men as faithful and necessary as themselves; to be the shelter always open to good and true persons;—a hall which shines with sincerity, brows ever tranquil, and a demeanor impossible to disconcert; whose inmates know what they want; who do not ask your house how theirs should be kept.
  19. refectory
    a communal dining-hall, usually in a monastery
    The diet of the house does not create its order, but knowledge, character, action, absorb so much life and yield so much entertainment that the refectory has ceased to be so curiously studied.
  20. indigent
    poor enough to need help from others
    The rich, as we reckon them, and among them the very rich, in a true scale would be found very indigent and ragged.
  21. austerity
    excessive sternness
    It is the iron band of poverty, of necessity, of austerity, which, excluding them from the sensual enjoyments which make other boys too early old, has directed their activity in safe and right channels, and made them, despite themselves, reverers of the grand, the beautiful, and the good.
  22. ratiocination
    logical and methodical reasoning
    His house being within little more than ten miles from Oxford, he contracted familiarity and friendship with the most polite and accurate men of that University, who found such an immenseness of wit, and such a solidity of judgment in him, so infinite a fancy, bound in by a most logical ratiocination, such a vast knowledge that he was not ignorant in anything, yet such an excessive humility, as if he had known nothing, that they frequently resorted and dwelt with him...
  23. veneration
    a feeling of profound respect for someone or something
    Beyond its primary ends of the conjugal, parental, and amicable relations, the household should cherish the beautiful arts and the sentiment of veneration.
  24. apprehension
    the cognitive condition of someone who understands
    And yet let him not think that a property in beautiful objects is necessary to his apprehension of them, and seek to turn his house into a museum.
  25. aloof
    distant, cold, or detached in manner
    Certainly, not aloof from this homage to beauty, but in strict connection therewith, the house will come to be esteemed a Sanctuary.
  26. maxim
    a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits
    The language of a ruder age has given to common law the maxim that every man’s house is his castle: the progress of truth will make every house a shrine.
  27. despond
    lose confidence or hope; become dejected
    Will he not see, through all he miscalls accident, that Law prevails for ever and ever; that his private being is a part of it; that its home is in his own unsounded heart; that his economy, his labor, his good and bad fortune, his health and manners, are all a curious and exact demonstration in miniature of the Genius of the Eternal Providence? When he perceives the Law, he ceases to despond.
  28. consecration
    sanctification of something by dedicating it to God
    Does the consecration of Sunday confess the desecration of the entire week? Does the consecration of the church confess the profanation of the house?
  29. comely
    very pleasing to the eye
    The farmer’s office is precise and important, but you must not try to paint him in rose-color; you cannot make pretty compliments to fate and gravitation, whose minister he is. He represents the necessities. It is the beauty of the great economy of the world that makes his comeliness.
  30. parsimony
    extreme stinginess
    The lesson one learns in fishing, yachting, hunting, or planting, is the manners of Nature; patience with the delays of wind and sun, delays of the seasons, bad weather, excess or lack of water,—patience with the slowness of our feet, with the parsimony of our strength, with the largeness of sea and land we must traverse, etc.
  31. testator
    a person who makes a will
    Nature, like a cautious testator, ties up her estate so as not to bestow it all on one generation, but has a forelooking tenderness and equal regard to the next and the next, and the fourth, and the fortieth age.
  32. gratuitous
    costing nothing
    The earth works for him; the earth is a machine which yields almost gratuitous service to every application of intellect.
  33. imbibe
    take in liquids
    The plant is all suction-pipe,—imbibing from the ground by its root, from the air by its leaves, with all its might.
  34. sentient
    endowed with feeling and unstructured consciousness
    The earth burns,—the mountains burn and decompose,—slower, but incessantly. It is almost inevitable to push the generalization up into higher parts of nature, rank over rank into sentient beings.
  35. deluge
    a heavy rain
    Whilst all thus burns,—the universe in a blaze kindled from the torch of the sun,—it needs a perpetual tempering, a phlegm, a sleep, atmospheres of azote, deluges of water, to check the fury of the conflagration; a hoarding to check the spending; a centripetence equal to the centrifugence: and this is invariably supplied.
  36. conflagration
    a very intense and uncontrolled fire
    Whilst all thus burns,—the universe in a blaze kindled from the torch of the sun,—it needs a perpetual tempering, a phlegm, a sleep, atmospheres of azote, deluges of water, to check the fury of the conflagration; a hoarding to check the spending; a centripetence equal to the centrifugence: and this is invariably supplied.
  37. viand
    a choice or delicious dish
    As he nursed his Thanksgiving turkeys on bread and milk, so he will pamper his peaches and grapes on the viands they like best.
  38. whence
    from what place, source, or cause
    They keep the secret well, and never tell on your table whence they drew their sunset complexion or their delicate flavors.
  39. augury
    an event indicating important things to come
    But beyond this benefit, they are the text of better opinions and better auguries for mankind.
  40. bearing
    a person's manner or way of conducting himself or herself
    Put him on a new planet, and he would know where to begin; yet there is no arrogance in his bearing, but a perfect gentleness.
Created on Fri Mar 10 11:45:04 EST 2023 (updated Mon Mar 13 14:45:59 EDT 2023)

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