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120 Words Every 12th Grader Should Know: List 2

Learn these challenging words that you'll encounter in literature, articles, and textbooks.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. arbitrary
    based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
    It's not a penalty assessed by any code or standard of fairness; it's arbitrary. Washington Post (Aug 1, 2021)
  2. banal
    repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
    Now, however, it is so common as to be banal. The Guardian (Mar 6, 2021)
  3. capricious
    changeable
    But because the gods were capricious, you could not be sure what they would do. Cosmos
  4. conjecture
    a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
    I recounted the attack, sticking to the facts and avoiding conjecture. We Are the Ants
  5. decorous
    characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste
    She wore her decorous dresses to morning mass, and around her neck displayed the short single strand of pearls she had received on her fifteenth birthday. Dreaming in Cuban
  6. embroil
    force into some kind of situation or course of action
    From the 1950s to the 1970s, Britain was embroiled in a confrontation with Iceland that became known as the “cod wars.” New York Times (May 6, 2021)
  7. edification
    uplifting enlightenment
    The idea for national portrait galleries stemmed from a Victorian notion of self-improvement: the paintings of the great and the good, displayed for the edification of the general populace. New York Times (Dec 17, 2011)
  8. esoteric
    understandable only by an enlightened inner circle
    If these basic principles can be misinterpreted, it shouldn’t be surprising that more esoteric mathematics can be, too. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences
  9. fitful
    intermittently stopping and starting
    Rémy takes his place outside the doors, and I close my eyes to drift in and out of a fitful sleep. The Belles
  10. garish
    tastelessly showy
    She also had ridiculous, garish makeup caked on her face, and an elaborate, upswept hairdo. The Serpent King
  11. hackneyed
    repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
    The plot, they wrote, was hackneyed and formulaic. New York Times (Mar 31, 2021)
  12. obsequious
    attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery
    Sitting across a desk from the famous and powerful, he was friendly but not fawning, interested but never obsequious. Los Angeles Times (Jan 23, 2021)
  13. perfunctory
    hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough
    Nathan’s post is perfunctory, as if it’s been summarized from his earlier statements. Every Day
  14. prevaricate
    be deliberately ambiguous or unclear
    Politicians lie, pivot away from questions they don't want to answer and prevaricate. Salon (Oct 27, 2020)
  15. sagacity
    the trait of having wisdom and good judgment
    For all his sagacity, for all his caution and astuteness, the old judge had gone the way of the rest. And Then There Were None
  16. sordid
    morally degraded
    Both men prefer the sordid, disagreeable, even the vilest aspects of life. Huneker, James
  17. strident
    being sharply insistent on being heard
    He was interrupted, many times, by strident protesters. Washington Post (Jan 10, 2017)
  18. supercilious
    having or showing arrogant superiority
    I never shall forget the supercilious manner in which the Countess took out her eye-glass and looked me over as I passed her one day in the park. Fay, Amy
  19. torpor
    inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of energy
    Week by week, as the cycles wore on, I found myself sinking helplessly into a torpor of inertia. The Guardian (Jun 3, 2016)
  20. vestige
    an indication that something has been present
    I’m no archaeologist, but these vestiges of an empire nine centuries gone were beautiful and intriguing. Washington Post (Apr 23, 2015)
Created on Wed Oct 27 14:14:33 EDT 2021 (updated Tue Nov 16 12:15:05 EST 2021)

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