World History: Patterns of Interaction: Chapter 26

Beginning in 1830, protests took place around England in favor of a bill in Parliament that would extend suffrage, or the right to vote.

Eventually, the members voted to set up a republic. The Third Republic lasted over 60 years. However, France remained divided.

A controversy known as the Dreyfus affair became a
battleground for these opposing forces. Widespread feelings of anti-Semitism, or prejudice against Jews, also played a role in this scandal.

In 1867, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick joined the Province of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada.
As a dominion, Canada was self-governing in domestic
affairs but remained part of the British Empire.

A penal colony was a place where convicts were sent to serve their sentences. Many European nations used penal colonies as a way to prevent overcrowding of prisons.

Some Irish wanted independence for Ireland. A greater number of Irish preferred home rule, local control over internal matters only.

Many Americans believed in manifest destiny, the idea that the United States had the right and duty to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

One by one, Southern states began to secede, or withdraw, from the Union.

On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, a federal fort in Charleston, South Carolina. Lincoln ordered the army to bring the rebel states back into the Union. The U.S. Civil War had begun.

Early in 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation,
declaring that all slaves in the Confederate states were free.

After federal troops left the South, white Southerners passed laws that limited African Americans’ rights and made it difficult for them to vote. Such laws also encouraged segregation, or separation, of blacks and whites in the South.

He also built them on an assembly line, a line of workers who each put a single piece on unfinished cars as they passed on a moving belt.

Darwin’s idea of change through natural selection came
to be called the theory of evolution.

The elements were found in a mineral called pitchblende that released a powerful form of energy. In 1898, Marie Curie gave this energy the name radioactivity.

An important new social science was psychology, the study of the human mind and behavior.

It was not until about 1900 that people could speak of mass culture—the appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience.