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Latin Words and Phrases Used in English

Learn these common words and phrases that English has borrowed directly from Latin. Bona fortunam!
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. ad hoc
    often improvised or impromptu
    In 2015 they turned their shared studio in Chinatown into an ad hoc alternative art space and impromptu residency program called Practice. New York Times (Jan 12, 2017)
  2. ad hominem
    appealing to personal considerations rather than to reason
    Google is trying to quell the debates roiling its workforce by setting new internal rules designed to limit offensive language and ad hominem attacks against fellow employees. Wall Street Journal (Jun 27, 2018)
  3. ad nauseam
    to a sickening or excessive extent
    Many a scientist, after spending thousands of hours peering down a microscope at some repeated shape, is familiar with the phenomenon of seeing that shape ad nauseam on blank walls, and endlessly in dreams. Salon (Dec 5, 2015)
  4. alma mater
    a school you graduated from
    He was returning now after an absence of thirteen years to his old alma mater, Pennsylvania College, in Gettysburg. The Killer Angels: The Classic Novel of the Civil War
  5. bona fide
    not counterfeit or copied
    Mark Owen isn’t his real name, but book publisher Penguin says its new author was a bona fide Navy SEAL. Time (Aug 24, 2012)
  6. de facto
    existing, whether with lawful authority or not
    Installed in a prime position in the Basilica di San Marco, which at that time was the official church of the Venetian state, it became a de facto symbol of the city and its empire. New York Times (Mar 31, 2011)
  7. deus ex machina
    an agent who appears unexpectedly to solve a difficulty
    I’m still fantasizing that a deus ex machina will descend from the heavens to resolve the situation. Love, Hate & Other Filters
  8. ergo
    (used as a sentence connector) therefore or consequently
    Our house was the highest on the mountainside, which made it, ergo, the coolest spot in Welch. The Glass Castle
  9. et al
    and others
    There are also blueberries and strawberries, and a whole second string of less popular players: gooseberries, boysenberries, huckleberries, et al. Washington Post (Apr 24, 2020)
  10. ex post facto
    affecting things past
    If New York changes its rule, would the defendants be able to claim that the changes are retroactive ex post facto laws, changing criminal liability after the fact of the crime’s commission? Slate (Apr 17, 2018)
  11. gravitas
    formality, dignity, or seriousness
    Her gravitas and solemnity help ground even the silliest scenes. The Verge (Dec 2, 2015)
  12. habeas corpus
    a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
    Shultz filed his habeas corpus petition, and the Kansas Supreme Court commissioned one of its own retired justices, the Honorable Walter G. Thiele, to conduct a full-scale hearing. In Cold Blood
  13. mea culpa
    an acknowledgment of your error or guilt
    If Toby went to the apartment right now, a mea culpa on his lips, Luke would forgive him. We'll Fly Away
  14. modus operandi
    an unvarying or habitual method or procedure
    The final revelations, including the modus operandi of the crimes, will surprise all but the most astute readers. Washington Post (Jul 15, 2015)
  15. per se
    with respect to its inherent nature
    She didn’t run, per se, but she left the line and did a ridiculously fast walk toward the back of the store, near the clearance section, where they did their cooking classes. Far from the Tree
  16. persona non grata
    an individual who for some reason is not wanted or welcome
    “I am become persona non grata in that quarter. I am no wise welcome in the stateroom imperial.” The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Volume II: The Kingdom on the Waves
  17. pro bono
    done for the public good without compensation
    Many of these cases were done on a pro bono basis, as I do half of my cases without fee. Washington Post (Aug 6, 2019)
  18. pro forma
    as a customary requirement only
    The conversations all seemed the same to me: pro forma, predictable, even robotic. The Guardian (Dec 7, 2019)
  19. pro rata
    in proportion
    “The law requires that all commodities customers be treated fairly, and on a pro rata basis,” he said. BusinessWeek (Nov 17, 2011)
  20. quid pro quo
    something given in exchange for something else
    A quid pro quo — seeking something in return for something — need not be improper. Seattle Times (Dec 3, 2019)
  21. rigor mortis
    temporary stiffness of joints and muscles after death
    He wonders whether it begins in the same way as rigor mortis, the stiffening of muscles after death. Scientific American (Aug 2, 2013)
  22. status quo
    the existing state of affairs
    My family and neighbors never challenged the status quo. While the World Watched: A Birmingham Bombing Survivor Comes of Age during the Civil Rights Movement
  23. terra firma
    the solid part of the earth's surface
    On his second attempt, the pilot was able to get the plane on the ground safely and undoubtedly was quite happy to be back on terra firma. Time (Oct 3, 2016)
  24. verbatim
    using exactly the same words
    Representatives of the other two websites said their computers are programmed to copy data verbatim from Wikipedia, never checking whether it is false or factual. The World Is Flat
  25. vice versa
    with the order reversed
    If the song is me, and the song is her, then she is me and vice versa. X: A Novel
Created on Wed Feb 24 11:35:29 EST 2021 (updated Mon Mar 01 10:23:49 EST 2021)

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