The Contemporary Period, c. 1914 to the Present: Content Summary 6.7: Impact of Contemporary Globalization

After 1950, mass consumerism on a global scale dramatically expanded industrial manufacturing, especially in the Pacific Rim and Latin America, where environmental regulations were limited. (6.7.A)

After 1950, mass consumerism on a global scale dramatically expanded industrial manufacturing, especially in the Pacific Rim and Latin America, where environmental regulations were limited. (6.7.A)

Over the same period, the deforestation of tropical forests doubled and the depletion of fresh-water sources tripled. (6.7.A)

Over the same period, the deforestation of tropical forests doubled and the depletion of fresh-water sources tripled. (6.7.A)

In the West in the 1960s and 1970s, a growing awareness of environmental degradation led to environmental movements and parties that pressured governments to take action to protect the environment. (6.7.A)

International summits were held, such as the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, and agreements to curb greenhouse gases were enacted, such as the 1992 Kyoto Protocol and the 2016 Paris Agreement. (6.7.A)

International summits were held, such as the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, and agreements to curb greenhouse gases were enacted, such as the 1992 Kyoto Protocol and the 2016 Paris Agreement. (6.7.A)

International summits were held, such as the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, and agreements to curb greenhouse gases were enacted, such as the 1992 Kyoto Protocol and the 2016 Paris Agreement. (6.7.A)

However, regional disparity in per capita GDP remained wide throughout this period. In 2015, regional per capita income in Western Europe and the U.S. was $50,000, while it was only $15,000 in Asia and $5,000 in Africa. (6.7.B)

Income inequality rose sharply in all regions after 1980 as neoliberal economic policies diminished safety nets and progressive tax structures. (6.7.B)

Income inequality rose sharply in all regions after 1980 as neoliberal economic policies diminished safety nets and progressive tax structures. (6.7.B)

Income inequality rose sharply in all regions after 1980 as neoliberal economic policies diminished safety nets and progressive tax structures. (6.7.B)

While manufacturing output in Western economies grew, automation drastically reduced the amount of labor required. (6.7.B)

The instant transfer of information facilitated by telecommunication, satellite, and internet technologies intensified and diversified global cultural diffusion. (6.7.C)

The instant transfer of information facilitated by telecommunication, satellite, and internet technologies intensified and diversified global cultural diffusion. (6.7.C)

The instant transfer of information facilitated by telecommunication, satellite, and internet technologies intensified and diversified global cultural diffusion. (6.7.C)

Various forms of religious fundamentalism promoted stricter adherence to religious doctrine to combat global influences and pursued policy with that goal in mind, with methods varying from traditional political participation (e.g., Hindu nationalist support for Narendra Modi in the 2014 Indian election) to revolt (e.g., the Iranian Revolution of 1979). (6.7.C)

Various forms of religious fundamentalism promoted stricter adherence to religious doctrine to combat global influences and pursued policy with that goal in mind, with methods varying from traditional political participation (e.g., Hindu nationalist support for Narendra Modi in the 2014 Indian election) to revolt (e.g., the Iranian Revolution of 1979). (6.7.C)

Many militant terrorist organizations, such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Neo-Nazis, are associated with extreme fundamentalist or nationalistic views. (6.7.C)

Right-wing groups, which are often populist and nativist, support economic protectionism and limits to immigration. (6.7.C)