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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. intensive
    intended to increase productivity of a fixed area
    In river valley civilizations, the Andean highlands, and Mexico, intensive agriculture practices led to the accumulation of sustained food surpluses and the emergence of specialized workers, such as artisans, merchants, and scribes, as well as political and religious elites. (1.7.A)
  2. accumulation
    a gain or increase in something over time
    In river valley civilizations, the Andean highlands, and Mexico, intensive agriculture practices led to the accumulation of sustained food surpluses and the emergence of specialized workers, such as artisans, merchants, and scribes, as well as political and religious elites. (1.7.A)
  3. scribe
    someone employed to make written copies of documents
    In river valley civilizations, the Andean highlands, and Mexico, intensive agriculture practices led to the accumulation of sustained food surpluses and the emergence of specialized workers, such as artisans, merchants, and scribes, as well as political and religious elites. (1.7.A)
  4. consequently
    as a result
    Trade also created connectivity between river valley civilizations. In addition to the movement of goods and materials between Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus River Valley civilization, there was also a diffusion of cultural practices. In contrast, pastoral societies had low levels of economic specialization and consequently little social differentiation. (1.7.A)
  5. differentiation
    a discrimination between things as distinct
    In contrast, pastoral societies had low levels of economic specialization and consequently little social differentiation. (1.7.A)
  6. distinction
    a discrimination between things as different
    Instead, distinctions were based on gender. (1.7.A)
  7. gender
    properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of sex
    Instead, distinctions were based on gender. (1.7.A)
  8. patriarchal
    of a social organization with the male as the head
    Patriarchal societies developed as men monopolized animal husbandry, community security, and warfare. (1.7.A)
  9. husbandry
    the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
    Patriarchal societies developed as men monopolized animal husbandry, community security, and warfare. (1.7.A)
  10. laborious
    characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
    Women were responsible for more laborious tasks related to food processing and establishing and moving the camp. (1.7.A)
  11. intervention
    the act of getting involved
    In Egypt and the Indus River Valley, the tributary state was largely associated with religious authority and intervention. (1.7.B)
  12. incarnate
    invested with a bodily form especially of a human body
    The Egyptian pharaoh was considered a god incarnate, and in the Indus River Valley, priests appear to have held the highest social authority. (1.7.B)
  13. characteristic
    typical or distinctive
    On the other hand, in Mesopotamia and Shang China, social and political authority was characteristically secular, and authority was highest among warrior elites and kings who defended the city-state or feudal kingdom from outside invaders. (1.7.B)
  14. secular
    characteristic of this world rather than the spiritual world
    On the other hand, in Mesopotamia and Shang China, social and political authority was characteristically secular, and authority was highest among warrior elites and kings who defended the city-state or feudal kingdom from outside invaders. (1.7.B)
  15. feudal
    relating to a system where vassals are protected by lords
    On the other hand, in Mesopotamia and Shang China, social and political authority was characteristically secular, and authority was highest among warrior elites and kings who defended the city-state or feudal kingdom from outside invaders. (1.7.B)
  16. governance
    the act of exercising authority
    Where they existed, legal codes and processes of governance reinforced social hierarchies. For example, the law codes of Mesopotamia and Egypt recognized and differentiated the fines and punishments associated with a crime based on the relative social status of the victim or perpetrator. (1.7.B)
  17. perpetrator
    someone who commits wrongdoing
    Where they existed, legal codes and processes of governance reinforced social hierarchies. For example, the law codes of Mesopotamia and Egypt recognized and differentiated the fines and punishments associated with a crime based on the relative social status of the victim or perpetrator. (1.7.B)
  18. ancestry
    the lineage of an individual
    Even the warrior kings of Mesopotamia and China based their authority on ancestry that drew favor from the gods—most notably in the case of the Chinese Zhou kings and the Mandate of Heaven. (1.7.B)
  19. notable
    widely known and esteemed
    Even the warrior kings of Mesopotamia and China based their authority on ancestry that drew favor from the gods—most notably in the case of the Chinese Zhou kings and the Mandate of Heaven. (1.7.B)
  20. agency
    the state of being in action or exerting power
    Patriarchal social and political authority and increasingly patrilineal forms of inheritance were all supported by religious beliefs and practices, as well as legal codes and laws that limited or prohibited women’s ownership of property or agency in marriage or public life. (1.7.C)
Created on Wed Jul 15 10:22:24 EDT 2020 (updated Tue Jul 21 16:06:18 EDT 2020)

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