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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Part I

In this medieval poem, originally composed in Middle English in the 14th century, a mysterious green knight issues a challenge to the knights of King Arthur's court. Learn these words from the translation by J.R.R. Tolkien.

Here are links to our lists for the poem: Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV
15 words 1300 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. contrivance
    an elaborate or deceitful scheme to deceive or evade
    When the siege and the assault had ceased at Troy,
    and the fortress fell in flame to firebrands and ashes,
    the traitor who the contrivance of treason there fashioned
    was tried for his treachery, the most true upon earth—
    it was Æneas the noble and his renowned kindred
    who then laid under them lands, and lords became
    of well-nigh all the wealth in the Western Isles.
  2. liege
    a feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service
    This king lay at Camelot at Christmas-tide
    with many a lovely lord, lieges most noble,
    indeed of the Table Round all those tried brethren,
    amid merriment unmatched and mirth without care.
  3. tourney
    engage in a tournament
    There tourneyed many a time the trusty knights,
    and jousted full joyously these gentle lords;
    then to the court they came at carols to play.
  4. apprise
    inform somebody of something
    And another rule moreover was his reason besides
    that in pride he had appointed: it pleased him not to eat
    upon festival so fair, ere he first were apprised
    of some strange story or stirring adventure,
    or some moving marvel that he might believe in
  5. tincture
    quality of a given color that differs slightly from another
    ...as his hood was also,
    that was lifted from his locks and laid on his shoulders;
    and trim hose tight-drawn of tincture alike
    that clung to his calves; and clear spurs below
    of bright gold on silk broideries banded most richly,
    though unshod were his shanks, for shoeless he rode.
  6. verily
    in truth; certainly
    And verily all this vesture was of verdure clear,
    both the bars on his belt, and bright stones besides
    that were richly arranged in his array so fair
  7. sumptuous
    rich and superior in quality
    The pendants of his poitrel, his proud crupper,
    his molains, and all the metal to say more, were enamelled,
    even the stirrups that he stood in were stained of the same;
    and his saddlebows in suit, and their sumptuous skirts,
    which ever glimmered and glinted all with green jewels
    This passage enumerates different parts of the Green Knight's attire: pendants are decorations on his poitrel, or "armor," while a crupper is a strap on his saddle and a molain is part of the horse's bridle.
  8. hauberk
    a long tunic of chain mail formerly worn as defensive armor
    And yet he had not a helm, nor a hauberk either,
    not a pisane, not a plate that was proper to arms;
    not a shield, not a shaft, for shock or for blow,
    but in his one hand he held a holly-bundle
    A pisane is a piece of armor that protects the neck and the upper part of the chest.
  9. espy
    catch sight of
    On the courtiers he cast his eye,
    and rolled it up and down;
    he stopped, and stared to espy
    who there had most renown.
  10. abashed
    feeling or caused to feel uneasy and self-conscious
    Now are the revels and the royalty of the Round Table
    overwhelmed by a word by one man spoken,
    for all blench now abashed ere a blow is offered!
    Blench means "to flinch or shy away from."
  11. cavil
    a minor objection evading the point of an argument
    If my claim is uncalled-for without cavil shall judge
    this court.
  12. enjoin
    give instructions to or direct somebody to do something
    The king then commanded that he quickly should rise,
    and he readily uprose and directly approached,
    kneeling humbly before his highness, and laying hand on the weapon;
    and he lovingly relinquished it, and lifting his hand
    gave him God’s blessing, and graciously enjoined him
    that his hand and his heart should be hardy alike.
  13. asunder
    into parts or pieces
    Gawain gripped on his axe, gathered and raised it,
    from aloft let it swiftly land where ’twas naked,
    so that the sharp of his blade shivered the bones,
    and sank clean through the clear fat and clove it asunder,
    and the blade of the bright steel then bit into the ground.
  14. comely
    very pleasing to the eye
    ...and yet neither faltered nor fell the fierce man at all,
    but stoutly he strode forth, still strong on his shanks,
    and roughly he reached out among the rows that stood there,
    caught up his comely head and quickly upraised it,
    and then hastened to his horse, laid hold of the bridle,
    stepped into stirrup-iron, and strode up aloft,
    his head by the hair in his holding...
  15. craven
    an abject coward
    Therefore come! Or to be called a craven thou deservest.
Created on Wed Sep 04 08:40:29 EDT 2019 (updated Mon Aug 11 12:43:54 EDT 2025)

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