Medieval Europe - Middle School

a battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415

king of Wessex

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Saxons and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons

earliest known form of the English language, from about 400-1100 CE

a bishop of highest rank

of or relating to King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table

a town in southeastern France on the Rhone River

a ram used to break down doors of fortified buildings

the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest

the battle in 1356 in which the English under the Black Prince defeated the French

the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century; he slays a monster and becomes king but dies fighting a dragon

one of the ancient Norse warriors legendary for working themselves into a frenzy before a battle and fighting with reckless savagery and insane fury

the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe

pope who declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303)

the most common form of the plague in humans

armor carried on the arm to intercept blows

the capital of King Arthur's kingdom

a town in Kent in southeastern England

king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)

of or relating to the French dynasty founded by Hugh Capet

of or relating to the Frankish dynasty founded by Charlemagne's father

Old French epic poems

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor

King of France who began his reign with most of northern France under English control; after the intervention of Jeanne d'Arc the French were able to defeat the English and end the Hundred Years' War (1403-1461)

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

Italian pope from 1523 to 1534 who broke with Henry VIII of England after Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn (1478-1534)

king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy; his name was rendered as Gallic `Louis' (466-511)

the official symbols of a family, state, etc.

the council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)

record of a British census and land survey in 1085-1086 ordered by William the Conqueror

a Roman Catholic friar wearing the black mantle of the Dominican order

King of England from 1272 to 1307; conquered Wales

son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377

queen of France as the wife of Louis VII

a literary work celebrating the deeds of some hero

assembly of the estates of all France; last meeting in 1789

the domain controlled by a feudal lord

a Crusade from 1096 to 1099

a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem

a Roman Catholic friar wearing the grey habit of the Franciscan order

a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

a nephew of Arthur and one of the knights of the Round Table

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales

a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches

the period from 1378 to 1417 during which there were two papacies in the Roman Catholic Church, one in Rome and one in Avignon

(Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership; a saint and Doctor of the Church (540?-604)

wife of King Arthur

a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas; formed in 1241 and most influential in the 14th century when it included over 100 towns and functioned as an independent political power; the last official assembly was held in 1669

first Plantagenet King of England

a political entity in Europe that began with the papal coronation of Otto I as the first emperor in 962 and lasted until 1806 when it was dissolved by Napoleon

King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996)

the series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453

a former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy

the monotheistic religious system of Muslims

Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated (1409) for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake (1372-1415)

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king; she was later tried for heresy and burned at the stake (1412-1431)

English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Saxons to become Anglo-Saxons

a legendary king of the Britons

one of the knights of the Round Table

any dialect of the language of ancient Rome

the largest boat carried by a merchant sailing vessel

a powerful wooden bow drawn by hand

a person who has general authority over others

king of France and son of Louis VIII

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

an engine that provided medieval artillery used during sieges; a heavy war engine for hurling large stones and other missiles

made of fermented honey and water

the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance

English from about 1100 to 1450

a medieval play representing episodes from the life of a saint or martyr

a believer in or follower of Islam

(philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name

the invasion and settlement of England by the Normans following the battle of Hastings (1066)

a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie

of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures

a woman religious

ruler of the Aesir

earliest known form of the English language, from about 400-1100 CE

a medieval cleric who raised money for the church by selling papal indulgences

king of the Franks and father of Charlemagne who defended papal interests and founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751 (714-768)

son of Henry II and King of England from 1189 to 1199

an architectural style of 11th- and 12th-century Western Europe

sultan of Syria and Egypt

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe

a room in a monastery that is set aside for writing or copying manuscripts

a Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187

one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church

Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540

glass that has been colored in some way

a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights

a Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal

archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology; presented philosophical proofs of the existence of God (1225-1274)

god of thunder and rain and farming

a primitive method of determining a person's guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control; escape was usually taken as a sign of innocence

French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099)

Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism; he alienated his political allies by his ruthless treatment of his opponents (1318-1389)

(Norse mythology) the hall in which the souls of heros slain in battle were received by Odin

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII

English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349)

duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087)