Someone who's quarantined is kept safely away from other people because of their health. Often, a quarantined patient has an infectious disease or a compromised immune system.
Animals and people are sometimes quarantined for their safety or the safety of others. A quarantined puppy might be too young for vaccinations, and need to be kept away from other dogs until it's older. A quarantined patient might have to stay in isolation if they're vulnerable to infection. In the 1500s, quarantine was the period a widow was permitted to stay in her dead husband's house — forty days, to be specific, from the Latin quadraginta, "forty."