examples:
Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina
Arabian physician and influential Islamic philosopher; his interpretation of Aristotle influenced St. Thomas Aquinas; writings on medicine were important for almost 500 years (980-1037)
Robert Barany
Austrian physician who developed a rotational method for testing the middle ear (1876-1936)
Sir David Bruce
Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)
Burrill Bernard Crohn
United States physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines; he was the first to describe regional ileitis which is now known as Crohn's disease (1884-1983)
John L. H. Down
English physician who first described Down's syndrome (1828-1896)
Christiaan Eijkman
Dutch physician who discovered that beriberi is caused by a nutritional deficiency (1858-1930)
William Gilbert
English court physician noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1540-1603)
William Harvey
English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)
Thomas Hodgkin
English physician who first described Hodgkin's disease (1798-1866)
Aletta Jacobs
Dutch physician who opened the first birth control clinic in the world in Amsterdam (1854-1929)
Edward Jenner
English physician who pioneered vaccination; Jenner inoculated people with small amounts of cowpox to prevent them from getting smallpox (1749-1823)
Sir Patrick Manson
Scottish physician who discovered that elephantiasis is spread by mosquitos and suggested that mosquitos also spread malaria (1844-1922)
Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim
Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)
Peter Mark Roget
English physician who in retirement compiled a well-known thesaurus (1779-1869)
Sir Ronald Ross
British physician who discovered that mosquitos transmit malaria (1857-1932)
Benjamin Rush
physician and American Revolutionary leader; signer of the Declaration of Independence (1745-1813)
Albert Schweitzer
French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)
Sir James Young Simpson
Scottish obstetrician and surgeon who pioneered in the use of ether and discovered the anesthetic effects of chloroform (1811-1870)
types:
abortionist
a person (who should be a doctor) who terminates pregnancies
allergist
a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies
extern,
medical extern
a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there
quack
an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice
amputator
a surgeon who removes part or all of a limb
country doctor
a doctor who practices in the country (rather than in a city) usually remote from a modern hospital
diplomate
medical specialist whose competence has been certified by a diploma granted by an appropriate professional group
endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system
family doctor
a general practitioner who treats all the family members
proctologist
a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus