Use caffeinated to describe anything that contains the stimulant typically found in coffee, like your caffeinated iced tea or your caffeinated co-workers who drink lattes all day.
If you're drinking a beverage that has caffeine in it, it's caffeinated — and now, so are you! Tea and coffee are naturally caffeinated; in fact, if they're specifically described as caffeinated, it's to distinguish them from decaffeinated varieties, in which the caffeine has been removed. Caffeinated is from caffeine, which was coined by a 19th-century chemist from Kaffee, "coffee" in German, and the chemical suffix -ine.