Along means "moving constantly in line with." When you walk along the road, you're going forward, keeping the road at your side.
You can move along a path or drive along a highway, and you can also figuratively move along: "I learned a lot along the way." Something that extends in a nearly horizontal line can also be described as along, like the seaweed that stretches along the high-tide line on the beach. In Old English, it was andlang, "entire, continuous," "all day long," or "alongside of."