The Cretaceous period, lasting from approximately 145 to 66 million years ago, was the last period of the Mesozoic era, which is often called the "Age of Dinosaurs."
The Cretaceous was marked by significant evolutionary shifts, such as the emergence of flowering plants, as well as of many new species of insects and birds. The Cretaceous was characterized by warm climates and high sea levels, which created vast shallow seas and lush landscapes. Its name is derived from creta, the Latin word for "chalk," referencing the extensive chalk deposits formed during this time. The period ended with a massive extinction event, likely caused by an asteroid impact, which wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species.